Seizure
A seizure is sudden uncontrolled body movement caused by abnormal brain activity. Seizures range from severe full-body convulsions to mild episodes affecting only part of the body.
Key Facts
- Seizures lasting >3 minutes can cause pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, and dangerous hyperthermia
- Under 1 year: often birth defects (hydrocephalus, portosystemic shunt)
- Ages 1-5: typically epilepsy
- Over 5 years: often brain tumors, stroke, or metabolic disease
- 3 out of 4 epileptic dogs can be well-controlled with medications
- Common medications: phenobarbital, levetiracetam (Keppra), potassium bromide
- Seizures and epilepsy are rare in cats
- Toy breeds and diabetic pets: seizures may be from hypoglycemia; rub honey on gums
- Do not put hands near mouth; pets do not swallow their tongues
- Record seizure timing and which body part it started in
- Species: dogs and cats
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Neurological signs occur in early stages
Severe toxicity can cause seizures
Dangerously low calcium causes seizures
Epilepsy is diagnosed when seizures recur over time.
Focal seizures are a primary classification of seizure disorders.
Generalized seizures are a major classification of seizure disorders.
Prolonged seizures can cause hyperthermia
— severe neurological sign
Seizures are a common sign of hydrocephalus
CNS signs can occur with severe hyperlipidemia
Severe hypocalcemia triggers seizures
Hypoglycemia is a major cause of seizures in toy breeds
Hypoglycemia from insulinoma can trigger seizures
Lead toxicity causes seizures
Seizures are often the first sign of brain tumors
Metabolic imbalances are a primary trigger for seizure episodes.
— severe neurological sign
Many toxins cause seizures
Bromethalin causes neurological signs
Severe serotonin syndrome can cause seizures
Toxin exposure is a well-documented trigger for acute seizure episodes.
Brain tumors can cause both vestibular signs and seizures