Hypertension
Hypertension is high blood pressure in pets. Unlike in humans where it is usually primary (no underlying cause), hypertension in dogs and cats is almost always secondary -- caused by another disease. It damages small blood vessels, leading to bleeding and organ damage, particularly in the eyes, kidneys, heart, and brain.
Key Facts
- In pets, systolic blood pressure should not exceed 160 mmHg; readings of 180+ indicate high risk for organ damage
- Almost always secondary to another disease in animals
- The retina is especially vulnerable -- blindness is often the first noticed sign
- Diastolic pressure cannot be measured non-invasively in pets; only systolic is used
- The "white coat effect" is accounted for by taking at least 5 measurements
- Species: dogs and cats (both affected)
Connections (21)
Related Conditions
Damaged kidney blood pressure sensors cause high blood pressure; hypertension in turn accelerates kidney damage. 61-93% of CKD patients also have hypertension.
High blood pressure can accompany Cushing's syndrome
Diabetes causes secondary high blood pressure
Common complication of nephrotic syndrome
High blood pressure directly damages heart tissue over time.
Treating the thyroid often resolves the hypertension entirely.
Symptoms
Polycythemia (excess red blood cells) can cause high blood pressure, while anemia is the opposite problem.
The primary cause of acquired blindness in pets; retinal vessels rupture or detach under excessive pressure.
Hypertension increases risk of blood clots lodging in the brain or spinal cord.
Treatments
Fluid management intersects with blood pressure control in CKD.
Low-salt prescription diets designed for kidney disease also help manage blood pressure.
Salt-restricted diets may help, especially when combined with renal diets for CKD patients.
Medications
Diagnostics
The condition being detected and monitored.
Blood work screens for underlying causes (CKD, hyperthyroidism).
Elevated creatinine is evidence of renal failure that may cause hypertension.
Higher proteinuria correlates with more difficult blood pressure control.