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Antifreeze Poisoning
Antifreeze poisoning is one of the most deadly pet poisonings. Ethylene glycol has a sweet taste that attracts pets, and even a small amount can cause fatal kidney failure.
Key Facts
- Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is extremely toxic; as little as 1 tablespoon can kill a cat
- Sweet taste makes it attractive to pets
- Three stages: neurological signs (30 min-12 hrs), apparent recovery (12-24 hrs), kidney failure (24-72 hrs)
- Early treatment is critical; antidote (fomepizole or ethanol) must be given within hours
- Calcium oxalate crystals in urine are characteristic finding
- Once kidney failure develops, prognosis is very poor
- Prevention: use propylene glycol-based antifreeze (safer); clean up all spills immediately
- Species: dogs and cats